Lines A to G: the farm
Principal crop or activity, the activity code from Part IV, the cash or accrual method, the EIN, whether you materially participated in 2025, and whether payments required Forms 1099 and were filed.
1040
Profit or Loss From Farming
- Agency
- IRS
- Revision
- 2025
- Fillable fields
- 89
- Pages
- 2
- Official source
- IRS form page
- Checked
- October 21, 2026
Schedule F (Form 1040): Profit or Loss From Farming
Schedule F (Form 1040) is the IRS schedule for reporting farm income and expenses. The 2025 form says to attach it to Form 1040, 1040-SR, 1040-SS, 1040-NR, 1041 or 1065, so it is used by individual farmers and also by estates, trusts and partnerships, which enter their employer identification number on line D.
Page 1 opens with lines A to G on the principal crop or activity, the accounting method, material participation and Forms 1099. Part I reports farm income under the cash method, Part II lists farm expenses from car and truck costs to veterinary, breeding and medicine, and line 34 shows the net farm profit or loss. Page 2 holds Part III for income under the accrual method and Part IV, the principal agricultural activity codes used on line B.
The instructions say an individual enters the net profit or loss on Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 6 and Schedule SE (Form 1040), line 1a. A loss is checked first against the at-risk rules, the passive activity loss rules and the excess business loss limit. You can fill out the schedule free in your browser on this page and download it without an account.
What's on Schedule F
Part I: farm income, cash method
Lines 1a to 8 cover sales of purchased livestock, sales of products you raised, cooperative distributions, agricultural program payments, CCC loans, crop insurance and disaster payments, custom hire and other income. Line 9 is gross income.
Part II: farm expenses
Lines 10 to 32f list expenses such as chemicals, depreciation, feed, fertilizers, labor hired, rent, repairs, seeds, taxes, utilities and veterinary costs. The form says not to include personal or living expenses. Line 33 is the total.
Lines 34 and 36: result and investment at risk
Line 34 is the net farm profit or loss. For a loss, line 36 has box a, All investment is at risk, and box b, Some investment is not at risk. Line 35 is reserved for future use.
Part III: farm income, accrual method
Lines 37 to 44 list income, and lines 45 to 49 use beginning and ending inventory and purchases to figure the cost of items sold. Line 50 is gross income, also entered on Part I, line 9.
Part IV: activity codes
Six-digit codes based on the North American Industry Classification System, such as 111100 for oilseed and grain farming and 112111 for beef cattle ranching and farming.
How to fill out Schedule F
- 1
Activity code and method
On line B, enter the Part IV code that best describes the source of most of your income. On line C, the cash method uses Parts I and II, and the accrual method uses Parts II and III and Part I, line 9.
- 2
Lines D to G
Enter on line D only an EIN issued to you, never your SSN, or leave it blank. Line E uses the material participation tests in the Schedule C instructions. Line F asks about 2025 payments that would require Forms 1099.
- 3
Report farm income
The instructions match forms to lines: Form 1099-PATR on line 3a, Form 1099-A on line 5b, Form 1099-MISC for crop insurance and Form 1099-G or CCC-1099-G for disaster payments on line 6a, and other agricultural program payments on line 4a.
- 4
List expenses
Fill in lines 10 to 32f for the farm only. The instructions point to Form 4562 for depreciation on assets placed in service in 2025, and the form says to attach Form 4562 with car and truck expenses.
- 5
Figure line 34
If line 33 is more than line 9, the instructions say to apply the at-risk rules with box 36a or 36b and Form 6198, and the passive activity loss rules with Form 8582, before entering the loss. Form 461 may also limit it.
- 6
Carry the result
Individuals enter line 34 on Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 6 and Schedule SE (Form 1040), line 1a. Partnerships use Form 1065, line 5, and trusts and estates use Form 1041, line 6.
Why fill Form 1040 on indox
You get the real form, filled in a browser tab, with nothing standing between you and the finished PDF.
- Fill the form right in your browser, no software to install
- Free to fill and free to download, with no account
- The official blank straight from the IRS, not a copy someone retyped
- Works on a phone, tablet or computer
Deadlines, related forms and limits
Where it goes
Attach Schedule F to Form 1040, 1040-SR, 1040-SS, 1040-NR, 1041 or 1065. It is filed with that return.
Estimated tax for farmers
The instructions say there is no penalty for underpaid 2025 estimated tax if gross farming or fishing income for 2024 or 2025 is at least two-thirds of gross income and the 2025 return is filed and the tax paid by March 2, 2026.
Other forms named
Schedule J for farm income averaging, Schedule SE for self-employment tax, Form 4797 for sales of certain farm property, and Form 4835 for crop or livestock share rent when you didn't materially participate.
Form 6198 with box 36b
The instructions say that if box 36b is checked and Form 6198 isn't attached, processing of the return may be delayed.
2025 amounts
The instructions list a business standard mileage rate of 70 cents a mile and a maximum section 179 deduction of $2,500,000, reduced when section 179 property placed in service exceeds $4,000,000.
State and local rules
The instructions say a farming activity may bring state and local taxes and other requirements such as business licenses and fees.
Related forms
1040
Additional Income and Adjustments to Income
73 fields, 2 pages
1040
Self-Employment Tax
27 fields, 2 pages
1040
Income Averaging for Individuals With Income from Farming or Fishing
27 fields, 2 pages
4835
Farm Rental Income and Expenses
63 fields, 3 pages
4562
Depreciation and Amortization (Including Information on Listed Property)
277 fields, 3 pages
6198
At-Risk Limitations
34 fields, 1 page
Who files Schedule F?
Official sources and the blank
Do it all with indox
No tool matches that search.
Questions about Form 1040
Where does the Schedule F profit go?
The instructions say individuals enter the net profit or loss on line 34 and on Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 6 and Schedule SE (Form 1040), line 1a.
Do I use the cash or accrual part?
Line C sets it. The cash method uses Parts I and II. The accrual method uses Parts II and III, with the Part III total entered on Part I, line 9.
Does income from breeding pets go on Schedule F?
No. Part IV says income from breeding, raising or caring for dogs, cats or other pet animals is covered in the Instructions for Schedule C (Form 1040).
Where does crop share rent go?
The instructions say rent based on crop shares goes on line 2 if you materially participated in running the farm. Without material participation, it goes on Form 4835. Flat-charge pasture rent goes on Schedule E, Part I.
Can spouses who farm together each file a Schedule F?
The instructions say spouses who are the only members of a jointly owned farm, each materially participate and file a joint return can elect to be a qualified joint venture and each file a separate Schedule F.
Is Schedule F used with Form 1040-SS?
Yes. The instructions say Form 1040-SS, Part III has been replaced and Schedule F is now filed with Form 1040-SS, if applicable. Those filers skip lines E, F, G and 36.